Aneuploidy: Normally, an individual has two of each chromosome. Aneuploidy means that there are too many copies of a particular chromosome, i.e. three or more chromosomes. This condition is usually fatal with the exception of X chromosomes, where X- inactivation greatly reduces the effect. Clinodactyly: Curving of the fifth finger (the little finger) toward the fourth finger (the ring finger). Sometimes called "fifth finger clinodactyly" to distinguish it from similar curving of other finger or toes.  Clinodactyly is a minor congenital malformation (birth defect). The basis for the clinodactyly is that the middle bone in the fifth finger is underdeveloped and, instead of being rectangular, is wedge- shaped. Congenital heart defects: heart murmer Cryptorchidism: Failure of descent of the testes into the scrotum Epicanthal fold: A fold of skin that comes down across the inner angle (canthus) of the eye.  Although some dictionaries state that this eye fold is found in peoples of Asian origin, this is not true. The normal Asian eyefold is continuous with the lower edge of the upper eyelid and actually appears distinctly different than a true epicanthal fold. Genu valgus:  opposite of bow legged;  knees turn inward Gynecomastia: Excessive development of the male breasts. Hypogonadism: A condition in which decreased production of gonadal hormones leads to below-normal function of the gonads and to retardation of sexual growth and development. Hypoplastic Genetalia: Underdeveloped genetalia. PDA (patent ductus arteriosus): Failure for the ductus arteriosus, an arterial shunt in fetal life, to close on schedule.The ductus arteriosus usually closes at or shortly after birth, permitting blood from that moment on to course from the heart directly to the lungs. However, if the ductus arteriosus remains open (patent), flow reverses and blood from the aorta is shunted left-to-right into the pulmonary artery and thence recirculated through the lungs. Pes cavus: a foot with too high an arch. Prognathism: An overly prominent jaw. Radioulnar synostosis:  condition where the 2 bones in the forearm are fused together that limits the motion as you were to turn a doorknob. X- inactivation:  The irreversible shut-down of genes on one X chromosome in somatic cells in humans (and other mammals).